Emerging Roles of Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins in Plant Development
نویسندگان
چکیده
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of eukaryotic cells because they are responsible for energy production through the aerobic respiration required for growth and development. These organelles harbour their own genomes and translational apparatus: mitochondrial ribosomes or mitoribosomes. Deficient mitochondrial translation would impair the activity of this organelle, and is expected to severely perturb different biological processes of eukaryotic organisms. In plants, mitoribosomes consist of three rRNA molecules, encoded by the mitochondrial genome, and an undefined set of ribosomal proteins (mitoRPs), encoded by nuclear and organelle genomes. A detailed functional and structural characterisation of the mitochondrial translation apparatus in plants is currently lacking. In some plant species, presence of small gene families of mitoRPs whose members have functionally diverged has led to the proposal of the heterogeneity of the mitoribosomes. This hypothesis supports a dynamic composition of the mitoribosomes. Information on the effects of the impaired function of mitoRPs on plant development is extremely scarce. Nonetheless, several works have recently reported the phenotypic and molecular characterisation of plant mutants affected in mitoRPs that exhibit alterations in specific development aspects, such as embryogenesis, leaf morphogenesis or the formation of reproductive tissues. Some of these results would be in line with the ribosomal filter hypothesis, which proposes that ribosomes, besides being the machinery responsible for performing translation, are also able to regulate gene expression. This review describes the phenotypic effects on plant development displayed by the mutants characterised to date that are defective in genes which encode mitoRPs. The elucidation of plant mitoRPs functions will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that control organelle gene expression and their contribution to plant growth and morphogenesis.
منابع مشابه
ریبو نوکلئیک اسیدها (RNAs) در اسپرم بالغ
The nucleus of mature sperm contains a complex population of transcripts such as mRNAs and miRNAs which expressed and accumulated during process of spermatogenesis however in spermatozoa, transcription is inert. The spermatozoa do not have cytoplasmic ribosomal compounds and translation apparatus. However, spermatozoa can translate cytoplasmic mRNAs de novo, using mitochondrial poly...
متن کاملMitochondrial Ribosomal Protein L10 Associates with Cyclin B1/Cdk1 Activity and Mitochondrial Function
Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are important for mitochondrial-encoded protein synthesis and mitochondrial function. In addition to their roles in mitoribosome assembly, several mitochondrial ribosome proteins are also implicated in cellular processes like cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial homeostasis regulation. Here, we demonstrate that MRPL10 regulates cyclin B1/Cdk1 (cyc...
متن کاملPlastid ribosomal protein S5 is involved in photosynthesis, plant development, and cold stress tolerance in Arabidopsis
Plastid ribosomal proteins are essential components of protein synthesis machinery and have diverse roles in plant growth and development. Mutations in plastid ribosomal proteins lead to a range of developmental phenotypes in plants. However, how they regulate these processes is not fully understood, and the functions of some individual plastid ribosomal proteins remain unknown. To identify gen...
متن کاملSilencing of the nuclear RPS10 gene encoding mitochondrial ribosomal protein alters translation in arabidopsis mitochondria.
Hardly anything is known about translational control of plant mitochondrial gene expression. Here, we provide evidence for differential translation of mitochondrial transcripts in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that silencing of the nuclear RPS10 gene encoding mitochondrial ribosomal protein S10 disturbs the ratio between the small and large subunits of mitoribosomes, with an excess of the latt...
متن کاملMolecular Composition of Plant Vacuoles: Important but Less Understood Regulations and Roles of Tonoplast Lipids
The vacuole is an essential organelle for plant growth and development. It is the location for the storage of nutrients; such as sugars and proteins; and other metabolic products. Understanding the mechanisms of vacuolar trafficking and molecule transport across the vacuolar membrane is of great importance in understanding basic plant development and cell biology and for crop quality improvemen...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 18 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2017